考题17-18 2015 AMC 10B

AMC10数学竞赛是美国高中数学竞赛中的一项，是针对高中一年级及初中三年级学生的数学测试，该竞赛开始于2000年，分A赛和B赛，于每年的2月初和2月中举行，学生可任选参加一项即可。不管是对高校申请还是今后在数学领域的发展都极其有利！那么接下来跟随小编来看一下AMC10的官方真题以及官方解答吧：

Problem 17

The centers of the faces of the right rectangular prism shown below are joined to create an octahedron. What is the volume of this octahedron?

Solution

The octahedron is just two congruent pyramids glued together by their base. The base of one pyramid is a rhombus with diagonals and , for an area . The height , of one pyramid, is , so the volume of one pyramid is . Thus, the octahedron has volume 

Problem 18

Johann has  fair coins. He flips all the coins. Any coin that lands on tails is tossed again. Coins that land on tails on the second toss are tossed a third time. What is the expected number of coins that are now heads?

Solution

Every time the coins are flipped, half of them are expected to turn up heads. The expected number of heads on the first flip is , on the second flip is is , and on the third flip it is . Adding these gives 

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