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考题15-16 2015 AMC 12A

2018-08-22 重点归纳

AMC12是针对高中学生的数学测验，该竞赛开始于2000年，分A赛和B赛，于每年的2月初和2月中举行，学生可任选参加一项即可。其主要目的在于激发学生对数学的兴趣，参予AMC12的学生应该不难发现测验的问题都很具挑战性，但测验的题型都不会超过学生的学习范围。这项测验希望每个考生能从竞赛中享受数学。那么接下来跟随小编来看一下AMC12的官方真题以及官方解答吧：

Problem 15

What is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point needed to express the fraction $\frac{123456789}{2^{26}\cdot 5^4}$ as a decimal?

$amc12官方解答$

Solution 1

We can rewrite the fraction as $amc12官网$ . Since the last digit of the numerator is odd, a $5$ is added to the right if the numerator is divided by $2$ , and this will continuously happen because $5$ , itself, is odd. Indeed, this happens twenty-two times since we divide by $2$ twenty-two times, so we will need $22$ more digits. Hence, the answer is $4 + 22 = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 26}$

Solution 2

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction by $5^{22}$ (which is the same as multiplying by 1) to give $\frac{5^{22} \cdot 123456789}{10^{26}}$ . Now, instead of thinking about this as a fraction, think of it as the division calculation $(5^{22} \cdot 123456789) \div 10^{26}$ . The dividend is a huge number, but we know it doesn't have any digits to the right of the decimal point. Also, the dividend is not a multiple of 10 (it's not a multiple of 2), so these 26 divisions by 10 will each shift the entire dividend one digit to the right of the decimal point. Thus, $\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 26}$ is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point needed.

Solution 3

The denominator is $10^4 \cdot 2^{22}$ . Each $10$ adds one digit to the right of the decimal, and each additional $2$ adds another digit. The answer is $4 + 22 = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 26}$ .

Problem 16

Tetrahedron $ABCD$ has $AB=5$ , $AC=3$ , $BC=4$ , $BD=4$ , $amc12$ , and $CD=\tfrac{12}5\sqrt2$ . What is the volume of the tetrahedron?

$\textbf{(A) }3\sqrt2\qquad\textbf{(B) }2\sqrt5\qquad\textbf{(C) }\dfrac{24}5\qquad\textbf{(D) }3\sqrt3\qquad\textbf{(E) }\dfrac{24}5\sqrt2$

Solution 1

Let the midpoint of $CD$ be $E$ . We have $CE = \dfrac{6}{5} \sqrt{2}$ , and so by the Pythagorean Theorem $AE = \dfrac{\sqrt{153}}{5}$ and $BE = \dfrac{\sqrt{328}}{5}$ . Because the altitude from $A$ of tetrahedron $ABCD$ passes touches plane $BCD$ on $BE$ , it is also an altitude of triangle $ABE$ . The area $A$ of triangle $ABE$ is, by Heron's Formula, given by

$16A^2 = 2a^2 b^2 + 2b^2 c^2 + 2c^2 a^2 - a^4 - b^4 - c^4 = -(a^2 + b^2 - c^2)^2 + 4a^2 b^2.$ Substituting $a = AE, b = BE, c = 5$ and performing huge (but manageable) computations yield $A^2 = 18$ , so $A = 3\sqrt{2}$ . Thus, if $h$ is the length of the altitude from $A$ of the tetrahedron, $BE \cdot h = 2A = 6\sqrt{2}$ . Our answer is thus $amc数学竞赛试题及答案$ and so our answer is $amc数学竞赛试题及答案$

Solution 2

Drop altitudes of triangle $ABC$ and triangle $ABD$ down from $C$ and $D$ , respectively. Both will hit the same point; let this point be $T$ . Because both triangle $ABC$ and triangle $ABD$ are 3-4-5 triangles, $CT = DT = \dfrac{3\cdot4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}$ . Because $CT^{2} + DT^{2} = 2\left(\frac{12}{5}\right)^{2} = \left(\frac{12}{5}\sqrt{2}\right)^{2} = CD^{2}$ , it follows that the $CTD$ is a right triangle, meaning that $\angle CTD = 90^\circ$ , and it follows that planes $ABC$ and $ABD$ are perpendicular to each other. Now, we can treat $ABC$ as the base of the tetrahedron and $TD$ as the height. Thus, the desired volume is $amc数学竞赛试题及答案$ which is answer $\boxed{\textbf{(C) } \dfrac{24}{5}}$